Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 55 \[ \int \frac {\csc ^4(x)}{a+a \sin (x)} \, dx=\frac {3 \text {arctanh}(\cos (x))}{2 a}-\frac {4 \cot (x)}{a}-\frac {4 \cot ^3(x)}{3 a}+\frac {3 \cot (x) \csc (x)}{2 a}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a+a \sin (x)} \]
3/2*arctanh(cos(x))/a-4*cot(x)/a-4/3*cot(x)^3/a+3/2*cot(x)*csc(x)/a+cot(x) *csc(x)^2/(a+a*sin(x))
Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(113\) vs. \(2(55)=110\).
Time = 0.62 (sec) , antiderivative size = 113, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.05 \[ \int \frac {\csc ^4(x)}{a+a \sin (x)} \, dx=\frac {-20 \cot \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+3 \csc ^2\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+36 \log \left (\cos \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )-36 \log \left (\sin \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )-3 \sec ^2\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+8 \csc ^3(x) \sin ^4\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+\frac {48 \sin \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\cos \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+\sin \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}-\frac {1}{2} \csc ^4\left (\frac {x}{2}\right ) \sin (x)+20 \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{24 a} \]
(-20*Cot[x/2] + 3*Csc[x/2]^2 + 36*Log[Cos[x/2]] - 36*Log[Sin[x/2]] - 3*Sec [x/2]^2 + 8*Csc[x]^3*Sin[x/2]^4 + (48*Sin[x/2])/(Cos[x/2] + Sin[x/2]) - (C sc[x/2]^4*Sin[x])/2 + 20*Tan[x/2])/(24*a)
Time = 0.46 (sec) , antiderivative size = 54, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.98, number of steps used = 12, number of rules used = 11, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.846, Rules used = {3042, 3247, 25, 3042, 3227, 3042, 4254, 2009, 4255, 3042, 4257}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {\csc ^4(x)}{a \sin (x)+a} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{\sin (x)^4 (a \sin (x)+a)}dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3247 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}-\frac {\int -\csc ^4(x) (4 a-3 a \sin (x))dx}{a^2}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int \csc ^4(x) (4 a-3 a \sin (x))dx}{a^2}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {4 a-3 a \sin (x)}{\sin (x)^4}dx}{a^2}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3227 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {4 a \int \csc ^4(x)dx-3 a \int \csc ^3(x)dx}{a^2}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {4 a \int \csc (x)^4dx-3 a \int \csc (x)^3dx}{a^2}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 4254 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {-4 a \int \left (\cot ^2(x)+1\right )d\cot (x)-3 a \int \csc (x)^3dx}{a^2}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2009 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {-3 a \int \csc (x)^3dx-4 a \left (\frac {\cot ^3(x)}{3}+\cot (x)\right )}{a^2}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 4255 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {-3 a \left (\frac {\int \csc (x)dx}{2}-\frac {1}{2} \cot (x) \csc (x)\right )-4 a \left (\frac {\cot ^3(x)}{3}+\cot (x)\right )}{a^2}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {-3 a \left (\frac {\int \csc (x)dx}{2}-\frac {1}{2} \cot (x) \csc (x)\right )-4 a \left (\frac {\cot ^3(x)}{3}+\cot (x)\right )}{a^2}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 4257 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {-3 a \left (-\frac {1}{2} \text {arctanh}(\cos (x))-\frac {1}{2} \cot (x) \csc (x)\right )-4 a \left (\frac {\cot ^3(x)}{3}+\cot (x)\right )}{a^2}+\frac {\cot (x) \csc ^2(x)}{a \sin (x)+a}\) |
(-4*a*(Cot[x] + Cot[x]^3/3) - 3*a*(-1/2*ArcTanh[Cos[x]] - (Cot[x]*Csc[x])/ 2))/a^2 + (Cot[x]*Csc[x]^2)/(a + a*Sin[x])
3.1.11.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((b_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])^(m_)*((c_) + (d_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x _)]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c Int[(b*Sin[e + f*x])^m, x], x] + Simp[d/b Int [(b*Sin[e + f*x])^(m + 1), x], x] /; FreeQ[{b, c, d, e, f, m}, x]
Int[((c_.) + (d_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])^(n_)/((a_) + (b_.)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-b^2)*Cos[e + f*x]*((c + d*Sin[e + f*x])^( n + 1)/(a*f*(b*c - a*d)*(a + b*Sin[e + f*x]))), x] + Simp[d/(a*(b*c - a*d)) Int[(c + d*Sin[e + f*x])^n*(a*n - b*(n + 1)*Sin[e + f*x]), x], x] /; Fre eQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && EqQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && NeQ[ c^2 - d^2, 0] && LtQ[n, 0] && (IntegerQ[2*n] || EqQ[c, 0])
Int[csc[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[-d^(-1) Subst[Int[Exp andIntegrand[(1 + x^2)^(n/2 - 1), x], x], x, Cot[c + d*x]], x] /; FreeQ[{c, d}, x] && IGtQ[n/2, 0]
Int[(csc[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]*(b_.))^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-b)*Cos[c + d* x]*((b*Csc[c + d*x])^(n - 1)/(d*(n - 1))), x] + Simp[b^2*((n - 2)/(n - 1)) Int[(b*Csc[c + d*x])^(n - 2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{b, c, d}, x] && GtQ[n, 1] && IntegerQ[2*n]
Int[csc[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)], x_Symbol] :> Simp[-ArcTanh[Cos[c + d*x]]/d, x] /; FreeQ[{c, d}, x]
Time = 0.47 (sec) , antiderivative size = 68, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.24
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\frac {\left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{3}-\left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )+7 \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )-\frac {16}{\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+1}-\frac {1}{3 \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )^{3}}+\frac {1}{\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )^{2}}-\frac {7}{\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}-12 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{8 a}\) | \(68\) |
parallelrisch | \(-\frac {\tan \left (x \right ) \left (72 \ln \left (\csc \left (x \right )-\cot \left (x \right )\right ) \sin \left (2 x \right )-36 \ln \left (\csc \left (x \right )-\cot \left (x \right )\right ) \sin \left (4 x \right )+120 \sin \left (x \right )-72 \sin \left (3 x \right )+90 \sin \left (2 x \right )-45 \sin \left (4 x \right )-64 \cos \left (4 x \right )+128 \cos \left (2 x \right )\right )}{24 a \left (3+\cos \left (4 x \right )-4 \cos \left (2 x \right )\right )}\) | \(85\) |
norman | \(\frac {-\frac {1}{24 a}+\frac {\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{12 a}-\frac {3 \left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{4 a}+\frac {3 \left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{4 a}-\frac {\tan ^{6}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{12 a}+\frac {\tan ^{7}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{24 a}-\frac {15 \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{4 a}}{\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )^{3} \left (\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )+1\right )}-\frac {3 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{2 a}\) | \(97\) |
risch | \(-\frac {9 i {\mathrm e}^{5 i x}-24 \,{\mathrm e}^{4 i x}+9 \,{\mathrm e}^{6 i x}-24 i {\mathrm e}^{3 i x}+39 \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+7 i {\mathrm e}^{i x}-16}{3 \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}-1\right )^{3} \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+i\right ) a}+\frac {3 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+1\right )}{2 a}-\frac {3 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}-1\right )}{2 a}\) | \(99\) |
1/8/a*(1/3*tan(1/2*x)^3-tan(1/2*x)^2+7*tan(1/2*x)-16/(tan(1/2*x)+1)-1/3/ta n(1/2*x)^3+1/tan(1/2*x)^2-7/tan(1/2*x)-12*ln(tan(1/2*x)))
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 168 vs. \(2 (49) = 98\).
Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 168, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.05 \[ \int \frac {\csc ^4(x)}{a+a \sin (x)} \, dx=\frac {32 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{4} + 14 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{3} - 48 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 9 \, {\left (\cos \left (x\right )^{4} - 2 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - {\left (\cos \left (x\right )^{3} + \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - \cos \left (x\right ) - 1\right )} \sin \left (x\right ) + 1\right )} \log \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \cos \left (x\right ) + \frac {1}{2}\right ) - 9 \, {\left (\cos \left (x\right )^{4} - 2 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - {\left (\cos \left (x\right )^{3} + \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - \cos \left (x\right ) - 1\right )} \sin \left (x\right ) + 1\right )} \log \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, \cos \left (x\right ) + \frac {1}{2}\right ) + 2 \, {\left (16 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{3} + 9 \, \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - 15 \, \cos \left (x\right ) - 6\right )} \sin \left (x\right ) - 18 \, \cos \left (x\right ) + 12}{12 \, {\left (a \cos \left (x\right )^{4} - 2 \, a \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - {\left (a \cos \left (x\right )^{3} + a \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - a \cos \left (x\right ) - a\right )} \sin \left (x\right ) + a\right )}} \]
1/12*(32*cos(x)^4 + 14*cos(x)^3 - 48*cos(x)^2 + 9*(cos(x)^4 - 2*cos(x)^2 - (cos(x)^3 + cos(x)^2 - cos(x) - 1)*sin(x) + 1)*log(1/2*cos(x) + 1/2) - 9* (cos(x)^4 - 2*cos(x)^2 - (cos(x)^3 + cos(x)^2 - cos(x) - 1)*sin(x) + 1)*lo g(-1/2*cos(x) + 1/2) + 2*(16*cos(x)^3 + 9*cos(x)^2 - 15*cos(x) - 6)*sin(x) - 18*cos(x) + 12)/(a*cos(x)^4 - 2*a*cos(x)^2 - (a*cos(x)^3 + a*cos(x)^2 - a*cos(x) - a)*sin(x) + a)
\[ \int \frac {\csc ^4(x)}{a+a \sin (x)} \, dx=\frac {\int \frac {\csc ^{4}{\left (x \right )}}{\sin {\left (x \right )} + 1}\, dx}{a} \]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 120 vs. \(2 (49) = 98\).
Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 120, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.18 \[ \int \frac {\csc ^4(x)}{a+a \sin (x)} \, dx=\frac {\frac {21 \, \sin \left (x\right )}{\cos \left (x\right ) + 1} - \frac {3 \, \sin \left (x\right )^{2}}{{\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{2}} + \frac {\sin \left (x\right )^{3}}{{\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{3}}}{24 \, a} + \frac {\frac {2 \, \sin \left (x\right )}{\cos \left (x\right ) + 1} - \frac {18 \, \sin \left (x\right )^{2}}{{\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{2}} - \frac {69 \, \sin \left (x\right )^{3}}{{\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{3}} - 1}{24 \, {\left (\frac {a \sin \left (x\right )^{3}}{{\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{3}} + \frac {a \sin \left (x\right )^{4}}{{\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}^{4}}\right )}} - \frac {3 \, \log \left (\frac {\sin \left (x\right )}{\cos \left (x\right ) + 1}\right )}{2 \, a} \]
1/24*(21*sin(x)/(cos(x) + 1) - 3*sin(x)^2/(cos(x) + 1)^2 + sin(x)^3/(cos(x ) + 1)^3)/a + 1/24*(2*sin(x)/(cos(x) + 1) - 18*sin(x)^2/(cos(x) + 1)^2 - 6 9*sin(x)^3/(cos(x) + 1)^3 - 1)/(a*sin(x)^3/(cos(x) + 1)^3 + a*sin(x)^4/(co s(x) + 1)^4) - 3/2*log(sin(x)/(cos(x) + 1))/a
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 96, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.75 \[ \int \frac {\csc ^4(x)}{a+a \sin (x)} \, dx=-\frac {3 \, \log \left ({\left | \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) \right |}\right )}{2 \, a} + \frac {a^{2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3} - 3 \, a^{2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 21 \, a^{2} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )}{24 \, a^{3}} - \frac {2}{a {\left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) + 1\right )}} + \frac {66 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3} - 21 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{2} + 3 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) - 1}{24 \, a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3}} \]
-3/2*log(abs(tan(1/2*x)))/a + 1/24*(a^2*tan(1/2*x)^3 - 3*a^2*tan(1/2*x)^2 + 21*a^2*tan(1/2*x))/a^3 - 2/(a*(tan(1/2*x) + 1)) + 1/24*(66*tan(1/2*x)^3 - 21*tan(1/2*x)^2 + 3*tan(1/2*x) - 1)/(a*tan(1/2*x)^3)
Time = 5.99 (sec) , antiderivative size = 89, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.62 \[ \int \frac {\csc ^4(x)}{a+a \sin (x)} \, dx=\frac {7\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{8\,a}-\frac {23\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^3+6\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^2-\frac {2\,\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{3}+\frac {1}{3}}{8\,a\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^4+8\,a\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^3}-\frac {{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^2}{8\,a}+\frac {{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^3}{24\,a}-\frac {3\,\ln \left (\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{2\,a} \]